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	<title>NGC 1432 &#8211; PekDar &#8211; Inżynieria Astrofotografii</title>
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	<title>NGC 1432 &#8211; PekDar &#8211; Inżynieria Astrofotografii</title>
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		<title>M45 – Plejady (Pleiades): dwa ujęcia jednego obiektu + pełny przewodnik</title>
		<link>https://astrophotography.pekdar.net/m45-plejady/</link>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[PekDar]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 30 Dec 2021 19:29:23 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Astrofotografia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gromada Otwarta]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[M45]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Messier 45]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[nebulizacja odbiciowa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[NGC 1432]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[NGC 1435]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pleiades]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Plejady]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Siedem Sióstr]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://astrophotography.pekdar.net/?p=6680</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[M45 Plejady &#8211; gromada otwarta   To jeden z najbardziej rozpoznawalnych obiektów DSO – jasna gromada otwarta zdominowana przez młode, gorące gwiazdy typu B, otoczona niebieską mgławicą odbiciową. Odległość wynosi około 444–445 lat świetlnych, a jasność całkowita to ~1,6 mag. Kątowy rozmiar gromady sięga ~2° (ok. cztery średnice Księżyca). Najlepiej widoczna jest w Byku w [&#8230;]]]></description>
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									<h3>M45 Plejady &#8211; gromada otwarta</h3><p>  To jeden z najbardziej rozpoznawalnych obiektów DSO – jasna <strong>gromada otwarta</strong> zdominowana przez młode, gorące <strong>gwiazdy typu B</strong>, otoczona <strong>niebieską mgławicą odbiciową</strong>. Odległość wynosi około <strong>444–445 lat świetlnych</strong>, a jasność całkowita to <strong>~1,6 mag</strong>. Kątowy rozmiar gromady sięga <strong>~2°</strong> (ok. cztery średnice Księżyca). Najlepiej widoczna jest w <strong>Byku</strong> w sezonie jesień–zima.</p><h3>Obiekt: kluczowe fakty</h3><ul><li><strong>RA/Dec (J2000)</strong>: ~03h 47m, +24° 07′ (rejon Byka).</li><li><strong>Odległość</strong>: <strong>~444–445 ly</strong> (paralaksa Gaia/HST; wartości w literaturze nieco się różnią).</li><li><strong>Wiek</strong>: <strong>~100 mln lat</strong> (zakres 75–150 mln w zależności od metody).</li><li><strong>Rozmiar kątowy</strong>:<strong> ~2°; jasność: ~1,6 mag</strong>.</li><li><strong>Mgławice odbiciowe</strong>: <strong>NGC 1432</strong> (wokół Maia) i <strong>NGC 1435</strong> (wokół <strong>Merope</strong>); pył jest <strong>niezwiązany</strong> z procesem powstawania gromady – gwiazdy aktualnie <strong>przecinają obłok</strong>.</li><li><strong>Ewolucja</strong>: przewidywane rozproszenie gromady za <strong>~250 mln lat</strong> wskutek oddziaływań grawitacyjnych w sąsiedztwie Galaktyki.</li></ul><p><strong>Nowe badania (2025):</strong> Analiza obrotów/chemii i orbit (TESS + Gaia) wskazuje na „<strong>Greater Pleiades Complex</strong>” – szeroko rozproszoną rodzinę <strong>&gt;3 000</strong> spokrewnionych gwiazd rozciągniętą na <strong>~1 900 ly,</strong> co <strong>trzykrotnie</strong> powiększa dotychczasowy zbiór członków. To nie zmienia klasycznego wyglądu M45 na niebie, ale daje nowy kontekst dla pochodzenia i dynamiki grupy.</p>								</div>
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									<h4>Ujęcie A (jeden kadr &#8211; teleskop 6&#8243;)</h4><p> <div id="wppa-container-wrapper-1" class="aligncenter wppa-container-wrapper " style="width:100%;clear:both;display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding:0;position:relative;"><div id="wppa-container-1" style="width:100%;" class="wppa-container aligncenter wp-caption"><div style="font-size:0;line-height:0"><a data-id="8n11ovez1818" href="https://astrophotography.pekdar.net/wp-content/uploads/wppa-source/album-6/M45-SummaryStack-Base.v1.0.jpg?ver=3" data-lbtitle="M45 - Pleiades&lt;br&gt;The Pleiades also known as the Seven Sisters and Messier 45, are an open star cluster." data-rel="wppa" target="_self" class="thumb-img" id="a-210-1" data-alt="M45 - Pleiades" style="cursor:wait;" onclick="return false;"><img decoding="async" id="ph-210-1" style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:none;" src="https://astrophotography.pekdar.net/wp-content/uploads/wppa/thumbs/210.jpg?ver=85" alt="M45 - Pleiades" class="size-medium wppa-sphoto"></a></div><div class="wp-caption-text"></div><svg id="wppa-ajax-spin-1" class="wppa-ajax-spin uil-default" width="120px" height="120px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMid" stroke="" style="width:120px; 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<!-- End [wppa type="photo" photo="210" size="auto" align="center"] /tag/ngc-1432-pl/feed/ oc 1 16 queries in 23.1 ms. at 19:07. Max mem: 14.00 Mb. --></p><ul><li>Pokazuje <strong>inne kadrowanie i charakter nebulizacji</strong> (np. lepiej widoczna <strong>Merope Nebula / NGC 1435</strong> lub układ <strong>Atlas–Pleione</strong> w „rączce” mini‑Wielkiego Wozu). Użyteczne do porównania kolorystyki i kontroli <strong>halo</strong> wokół najjaśniejszych gwiazd.</li><li>Kontekst obiektów mgławicowych wokół gwiazd: <strong>NGC 1432 (Maia), NGC 1435 (Merope), vdB 23 (Alcyone);</strong> bardzo mały <strong>IC 349</strong> przy Merope.</li></ul><p> </p><p>Data: 12.2020</p><ul><li>Obróbka: <a href="https://astrophotography.pekdar.net/astro-pixel-processor-podstawy/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">APP</a> + RT + GIMP + dodatki (Linux),</li><li><span lang="pl-PL">Łączny czas ekspozycji po odjęciu wadliwego materiału:</span> <span lang="en-US">6h</span></li><li>Klatki kalibracyjne (nie wszystkie sesje): Flat, Bias, Darks</li></ul><p> </p><h4><strong>Ujęcie B</strong> (mozaika wielosesyjna z 2019 r.)</h4><ul><li>Integracja: <strong>5 h 56 min</strong> netto (kilka sesji; <strong>ISO 1600 + 1000</strong>; część materiału <strong>bez Flat</strong>).<br />Obróbka: APP + RT + GIMP; łączenie wielu sesji → mała mozaika.</li></ul><p> <div id="wppa-container-wrapper-2" class="aligncenter wppa-container-wrapper " style="width:100%;clear:both;display:block;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding:0;position:relative;"><div id="wppa-container-2" style="width:100%;" class="wppa-container aligncenter wp-caption"><div style="font-size:0;line-height:0"><a data-id="2LooEBE2gEL2" href="https://astrophotography.pekdar.net/wp-content/uploads/wppa-source/album-7/Pleiades-M45_8inchNewtonTelescope.jpg?ver=3" data-lbtitle="Plejady / Pleiades - M45&lt;br&gt; 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<!-- End [wppa type="photo" photo="291" size="auto" align="center"] /tag/ngc-1432-pl/feed/ oc 2 11 queries in 10.7 ms. at 19:07. Max mem: 14.00 Mb. --></p><p> </p><h3>Jak znaleźć i kiedy fotografować</h3><p>M45 leży w <strong>Byku</strong>; z północnych szerokości geograficznych najlepiej obserwowana w <strong>grudniu</strong> (wysoko, dobry kontrast). Obiekt jest na tyle jasny, że widoczny <strong>gołym okiem</strong> nawet z obszarów o umiarkowanej łunie.</p><h4>Ciekawostki</h4><ul><li>„Złota Brama Ekliptyki”: Plejady wraz z Hiadami tworzą klasyczny „brzeżek” ekliptyki.</li><li>Subaru: w Japonii gromada nazywa się Subaru – stąd logo producenta aut.</li><li>Mitologia: Siedem Sióstr (Alcyone, Maia, Merope, Electra, Taygeta, Celaeno, Sterope), z Atlasem i Pleioną.</li></ul><p> </p><p>Źródła:</p><ul><li><a title="" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plejady" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plejady</a></li><li><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/science/explore-the-night-sky/hubble-messier-catalog/messier-45/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://science.nasa.gov/mission/hubble/science/explore-the-night-sky/hubble-messier-catalog/messier-45/</a></li><li><a href="https://www.astropixels.com/openclusters/M45-A01.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.astropixels.com/openclusters/M45-A01.html</a></li><li><a href="https://messier.lamost.org/seds/seds.org/messier/en/more/m045_tab.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://messier.lamost.org/seds/seds.org/messier/en/more/m045_tab.html</a></li><li><a href="https://science.nasa.gov/missions/tess/nasas-tess-spacecraft-triples-size-of-pleiades-star-cluster/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://science.nasa.gov/missions/tess/nasas-tess-spacecraft-triples-size-of-pleiades-star-cluster/</a></li></ul><p> </p>								</div>
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